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The  wide  spreading  disks  throw  the  manure  out  in  a  strip  10  feet  wide 


The  Low  Cloverleaf  Manure  Spreader 

A  Spreader  of  Great  Convenience — One  of  Immense 

Spreading  Value— A  Soil  Builder 

Manure  that  is  broken  up  into  fine  particles  and  distributed  on  to  the  ground  in  a  wide,  even 
spread  is  in  its  best  form  to  give  the  soil  the  greatest  benefit. 

Chemical  action  begins  quickly  and  the  fertilizing  elements  are  at  once  assimilated  by  the  soil. 
All  the  soil  particles  are  benefited,  instead  of  a  spot  here  and  there,  as  when  the  manure  is  thrown 
out  in  large  lumps  by  a  fork. 

The  Low  Cloverleaf  is  unique  in  the  spreader  world  —  first,  because  of  the  wide  strip  of  manure 
which  it  spreads  on  the  ground,  thoroughly  pulverized;  second,  because  the  wide  strip  is  made  from 
a  narrow  box—  only  45  inches  wide.  The  manure  is  applied  to  the  soil  to  the  best  possible  advan- 
tage.    Time  is  saved  in  unloading  it  and  labor  for  both  operator  and  team  is  lessened. 

One  of  the  first  advantages  noted  about  the  Low  Cloverleaf  spreader  is  that  it  is  narrow  enough 
to  be  driven  into  a  barn  and  loaded  directly  from  the  stable.  The  majority  of  the  modern  barns 
are  constructed  so  that  the  stock  faces  the  walls,  bringing  the  gutters  into  the  center  of  the  barn. 
A  driveway  is  left  between  the  gutters  and  the  stable  doors  open  wide.  The  Low  Cloverleaf  can 
be  driven  right  into  the  barn.  Farmers  are  finding  this  a  very  convenient  and  profitable  method  of 
handling  the  manure.  When  the  stable  is  clean,  the  labor  with  the  manure  is  practically  ended. 
It  takes  but  a  few  minutes  to  drive  to  the  field  and  spread  the  load  on  the  ground. 

This  method  is  a  most  economical  one.  One  handling  of  the  manure  disposes  of  it  for  good  — 
a  50  per  cent  economy  in  time  and  labor.     The  manure  is  spread  on  the  soil  without  a  particle  of 

3 


waste  of  the  three  chief  plant  food  constituents  — nitrogen,  phosphorus  and  potassium.     The  soil 
gets  all  the  benefits. 

A    1  0-Foot  Spread 

Another  important  feature  about  the  Low  Cloverleaf  is  that  the  strip  of  manure  it  throws  on  to 
the  ground  has  a  maximum  width  of  about  10  feet. 

This  feature  of  the  spreader  means  increasing  its  efficiency  in  two  very  important  field  opera- 
tions. 

The  unloading  time  is  shortened,  therefore  the  traveling  distance  materially  reduced.  The 
strip  of  manure  is  twice  as  wide  as  formerly,  but  the  speed  of  the  apron  is  increased  proportionately 
and  the  manure  is  fed  to  the  beater  more  rapidly.     The  density  of  the  strip  of  manure  on  the 


The  manure  is  thrown  well  beyond  the  wheels  and  finely  pulverized  — a  regular  blanket  of  manure 


ground  per  square  foot  is  the  same  as  it  would  be  from  a  regular  spreader  where  the  strip  is  the 
same  as  the  width  of  the  beater. 

The  manure  is  thrown  well  beyond  the  wheels.  Practically  every  farmer  who  has  used  a 
spreader  has  been  up  against  the  proposition  of  having  one  of  the  drive  wheels  continually  sliding 
because  it  is  necessary  to  drive  that  wheel  on  freshly  spread  manure  in  order  to  secure  a  match-up 
with  the  strip  just  spread. 

With  the  Low  Cloverleaf,  the  driver's  patience  is  no  longer  tried  and  traction  power  is  no  longer 
wasted  by  being  compelled  to  drive  this  wheel  on  the  manure.  The  cuts  show  that  the  spread  of 
manure  is  well  beyond  the  wheels.  On  the  return  round,  the  rear  wheel  can  travel  from  a  foot  to 
two  feet  from  the  manure  and  the  two  strips  will  meet. 

This  is  a  great  advantage  and  saves  much  time  and  inconvenience  in  the  field.  The  wheels 
travel  on  the  dry  ground.  They  will  not  slip.  All  the  traction  power  is  used  for  its  distinct  purpose 
—  to  get  the  load  off.     The  draft  is  normal,  since  all   of  the    tractive    power    is    utilized    for    its 

legitimate  purpose. 

4 


The  Width  of  Spread  Governed  by  Adjustable  Wings 

While  the  maximum  width  of  the  strip  of  manure  spread  on  the  ground  is  about  I  0  feet,  it 
can  be  made  narrower  if  desired  by  means  of  the  adjustable  side  wings.  These  can  be  closed 
down  and  the  width  of  the  strip  of  the  manure  made  only  as  wide  as  the  box. 

This  adjustment  is  taken  advantage  of  in  special  cases. 

For  Fertilizing  Young  Fruit  Trees 

Many  farmers  having  young  orchards  are  finding  the  Low  Cloverleaf  a  spreader  which  can  be 
put  to  special  use  to  very  good  advantage.  It  has  always  been  a  problem  to  throw  the  manure  in 
close  around  the  trees  without  injury  to  them,  unless  the  work  was  done  by  hand. 

With  the  Low  Cloverleaf  the  spreader  can  be  driven  along  a  row  of  young  fruit  trees  and  the 
manure  thrown  closely  around  them.  On  the  return  round,  the  spreader  is  driven  on  the  other  side 
of  the  row  of  trees  and  a  good  job  of  fertilizing  is  accomplished  without  extra  labor  and  with  abso- 
lutely no  injury  to  the  trees. 

The  only  adjustment  necessary  for  this  work  is  to  change  the  chain  operating  the  disks  so  that 
both  disks  revolve  in  the  direction  the  manure  is  to  be  thrown,  then  open  the  spread  controlling 
wing  on  this  side  and  close  down  the  one  on  the  opposite  side. 

Top  Dresses  Six  Rows  of  Corn  to  the  Round 

The  practice  of  top  dressing  young  corn  is  becoming  very  common  in  some  sections  of  the 
country.  The  Low  Cloverleaf  spreader  is  peculiarly  adapted  for  this  work.  In  spreading,  one  row 
is  straddled  and  the  spread  is  wide  enough  so  that  the  rows  on  both  sides  are  covered  and  about 
half  the  space  of  the  next  row.  It  is  thus  seen  that  once  across  the  field  three  rows  are  covered  and 
practically  half  the  space  beyond  the  outside  rows.  On  the  return  trip  the  process  of  course  is 
repeated,  the  third  row  being  straddled,  so  that  on  the  complete  round  six  rows  of  corn  are  top 
dressed. 


On  the  return  round  the  strips  of  manure  are  made  to  meet  without  driving  one  rear  wheel  on  th 


e  manure 


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The  Wide  Spreading  Disks 

The  wide  spreading  feature  which  makes 
the  Low  Cloverleaf  the  leader  in  the  spreader 
world  consists  of  a  hood  over  the  beater,  sup- 
porting two  large  steel  disks  in  a  vertical  posi- 
tion a  few  inches  back  of  the  beater.  The 
disks  are  operated  by  a  chain  run  from  a 
sprocket  on  the  end  of  the  beater  shaft.  The 
inner  surface  of  the  disks  is  provided  with 
angle  irons  every  few  inches  which  catch  the 
manure  as  it  is  thrown  against  the  disks  by 
the  beater.  The  disks  revolve  rapidly  with 
an  outward  motion,  catching  the  manure  and 
throwing  it  out  in  a  spread  as  wide  as  desired 
up  to  10  feet.  The  spread  of  manure  is  made 
uniform  and  the  edges  well  defined  by  means 
of  adjustable  side  wings.  As  previously 
stated,  these  wings  can  be  raised  or  lowered 
so  that  the  strip  of  manure  can  be  widened 
or  narrowed  to  suit  the  operator's  pleasure. 

An  Endless  Apron 

Always  in  Position  for  a  Load 


Power  is  furnished  to  disks  through  the  beater 
shaft.       A    ratchet   prevents    chain    breakage 


Everyone  knows  that  a  heavy  load  of  mat- 
ter can  be  moved  easier  by  means  of  rollers  or 
wheels  than  by  dragging  it  as  a  dead  weight. 

The  Low  Cloverleaf  spreader  moves  its  load  by  a  series  of  iron  rollers.  Two  series  of  them  are 
arranged  in  angle  steel  frames  which  extend  the  entire  length  of  the  main  frame,  further  strength- 
ening it. 

The  apron  itself  is  made  of  narrow  wood  slats  pressed  close  together  and  connected  by 
malleable  links  hinged  between  each  slat.  The  links  rest  upon  and  move  over  iron  rollers.  This 
prevents  any  possible  cutting  of  the  slats  and  carries  the  load  of  manure  back  to  the  beater  for 
distribution  with  a  steady  motion. 

The  rollers  revolve  freely  and  easily,  and  when  the  spreader  starts  operating,  each  roller 
becomes  active  and  does  its  share  in  moving  the  apron  and  load  to  the  beater  in  a  smooth,  uniform 
manner.  The  rollers  eliminate  friction  to  a  large  degree  and  prevent  any  possible  binding  of  the 
apron.  They  are  placed  close  together  so  that  each  slat  in  the  entire  apron  is  supported  by  at  least 
two  rollers,  one  at  each  end,  until  after  the  beater  is  passed.  At  the  same  time  there  is  ample  room 
between  the  rollers  for  any  fine  particles  of  manure  that  might  get  into  them  to  drop  through  to  the 
ground. 

The  Low  Cloverleaf  apron  is  endless.  When  the  spreader  is  thrown  out  of  gear,  the 
apron  stops  moving,  but  is  in  a  position  to  receive  another  load  and  to  start  operating  where 
it  left  off. 

6 


i:iE§§g3i:i 


szideo: 


■:ogo:i 


The  endless  apron  of  the  Low  Cioverleaf  has  abundant  strength  for  a  heavy  load  of  manure 


The  Apron  Lock  Insures  Free  Beater  and  Relieves  other  Mechanism 
from  Strain  of  Load  when  Traveling 

If  it  were  not  for  the  apron  lock  as  shown  in  cuts  on  Page  8,  the  strain  of  holding  back  the 
load  from  the  beater  while  the  spreader  is  traveling  to  the  field  would  be  entirely  upon  the  worm 
and  worm  gear.  The  apron  lock  prevents  the  load  from  moving  back  against  the  beater  before 
unloading  is  commenced,  and  so  relieves  the  worm  and  worm  gear  from  the  strain  of  holding  the 
load  off  the  beater. 

When  the  spreader  is  thrown  into  gear,  the  beater  is  free  to  start  without  throwing  off  large 
clumps  of  manure  and  a  consequent  heavy  strain  on  the  operating  mechanism. 

The  lock  is  operated  by  the  lever  bar.  When  the  load  is  off  and  the  spreader  is  thrown  out 
of  gear,  the  lock  automatically  drops  into  the  ratchet  provided  for  that  purpose  on  the  end  of  the 

7 


ihcmo: 


]:o§o:i 


The  apron  lock  holds  the  load  —  taking 
the  strain  from  the  worm  and  worm  gear 


front  apron  shaft.  When  the  spreader  is  thrown  into 
gear  for  spreading,  the  apron  lock  is  automatically 
raised,  allowing  the  apron  to  travel  freely  under 
power  from  the  worm  and  worm  gear. 

The  cuts  show  the  work  of  the  apron  lock  and 
give  a  very  comprehensive  idea  of  this  feature  which 
marks  another  step  in  the  efficiency  and  long  service 
given  by  the  Low  Cloverleaf  spreader. 

Fine  Particles  of  Manure  Easily 
Cleaned  Out 

There  is  always  more  or  less  fine  manure  which 
sifts  through  between  the  slats  of  the  apron  and  falls 
on  the  underside  of  the  apron.  Provision  is  made  in 
the  Low  Cloverleaf  spreader  so  that  this  fine  manure 
easily  works  out  or  can  be  quickly  removed. 

Two  slats  of  the  apron  are  left  loose  along  one 
entire  edge  so  that  as  they  come  around  to  the  front 


as  shown  in  the  cut,  they  drop  open,  allowing  the 
fine  manure  to  fall  out.  This  feature  is  one  which 
marks  the  care  with  which  these  spreaders  are  manu- 
factured, looking  entirely  to  the  convenience  of  the 
owner. 


The  lock  is  opened  automatically  when  the  spread- 
er is  thrown  into  (rear.     It  also  closes  automatically 


Two  loose  apron  slats  permit  manure  that  has  fallen  through 
on  under  side  of  apron  to  work  out.  Cut  showing  one  slat  open 


]:ies*o:[ 


1:000:1 


Slack  in  Apron  Easily 
Controlled 

If  the  tension  of  the  apron 
is  too  severe  or  if  the  apron 
chains  become  slack,  the  ten- 
sion may  be  relieved  or  the 
slack  taken  up  by  turning  the 
large  set  screws  controlling 
the  front  apron  shaft.  This 
shaft  is  supported  by  two 
castings,  one  at  either  end, 
which  are  subject  to  move- 
ment by  the  long  set  screws. 
The  adjustment  itself  can  be 
made  in  a  moment's  time. 


The  worm  and  worm  gear  mechanism  that  furnish  steady  power  to  the  apron. 
The  multiple  feed  disk  is  taken  off  and  reversed  to  show  the  three-feed  speeds 


A  Steady  Driving  Power  for  the  Apron 

Of  the  several  devices  gotten  up  for  operating  the  apron,  not  one  has  proved  so  successful  as 
the  worm  and  worm  gear.  The  reason  for  this  is  that  the  power  is  steady.  When  the  gears  meet 
the  strain  of  the  load,  it  is  with  a  steady,  revolving  motion — not  jerky.  This  is  kept  up  continually 
during  the  unloading  operation.  The  apron  is  at  all  times  under  the  absolute  control  of  the  worm 
and  gear. 

When  the  spreader  is  traveling  uphill  while  unloading,  gravity,  of  course,  is  acting  upon  the 
load.     If  it  were  not  for  the  worm  and  worm  gear  construction,  the  apron  and  load  would  slip  back 
to  the  beater  more  rapidly  than  the  beater  could  throw  out  the  manure.     Clogging  or  heavy  draft 
would  be  sure  to  follow.    The 
Low  Cloverleaf  overcomes 
such  a  difficulty.     The  worm 
and  worm  gear  hold  the  apron 
to  regular  speed,  virtually  act- 
ing as  a  brake  on  the  apron, 
at  the  same  time  keeping  the 
power  uniform. 

Nor  is  the  speed  of  the 
apron  retarded  when  the 
spreader  is  traveling  downhill 
while  unloading.  In  this  po- 
sition, the  worm  and  gear 
must  move  the  load  against 
the  incline  or  gravity.  They 
do    it    and    keep    the    speed 

Steady    and   the  Spread  of  ma-  The  multiple  feed  disk   in   position   and  the  worm  and  worm 

1  gear  enclosed  in  the  iron  case.     Notice  the  hard  oil  grease  cups 

nure    normal.  which  keep  these  parts  continuously  operating  in  clean  grease 


i:iEiei3i:[=  =  kopekc 

i:oso:i 


Long  Life  for  Worm  and  Worm  Gear 

These  parts  undoubtedly  receive  the  greatest  amount  of  strain  and  wear  of  any  part  of  the 
spreader.  They  have  to  move  the  entire  load  of  manure,  regardless  of  its  weight  and  condition. 
To  lengthen  their  life,  they  are  made  reversible  and  can  be  used  until  the  cogs  are  virtually  worn 
out.     The  life  of  the  worm  and  worm  gear  are  thus  lengthened  100  per  cent. 

In  addition  to  this,  the  worm  and  worm  gear  are  entirely  encased  in  an  iron  case,  as  the  cut 
illustrates. 

The  case  is  dust  and  dirt-tight.     This  eliminates  the  grinding  of  the  gears  due  to  dirt  getting 

into  them. 

Hard  Oil  Grease  Cups  Furnish  Grease  to  Worm  and  Worm  Pinion 

Gears  on  machines  are  worn  out  long  before  their  time  simply  for  lack,  of  grease.  To  insure 
that  the  worm  and  worm  gear  shall  always  have  an  abundance  of  grease  in  which  to  operate' 
hard  oil  is  fed  down  to  them  from  a  grease  cup  on  top  of  the  worm  case.  The  grease  is  inside 
and  clean.  The  dirt  is  outside.  The  worm  and  worm  gear  thus  have  all  the  advantage  possible 
to  give  them  to  do  their  work  efficiently  and  with  a  minimum  of  wear  and  friction. 

Multiple  Disks  Have  Three  Feeds 

The  multiple  feed  disk  on  the  Low  Cloverleaf  spreader  has  three  distinct  feed  speeds.  The 
speeds  are  controlled  by  a  lever  which  runs  to  the  front  of  the  machine  and  is  within  convenient 
reach  of  the  driver.  The  feed  speeds  can  be  changed  instantly  by  simply  shifting  the  lever.  This 
provision  is  made  a  matter  of  convenience  so  that  the  operator  can  spread  the  load  according  to 
the  needs  of  the  soil  over  which  the  spreader  is  traveling.  Some  portions  of  a  field  will  need  more 
manure  on  it  than  other  portions.  The  soil  requirements  can  be  met  without  loss  of  time  by  means 
of  the  multiple  feed  disk  and  lever. 

Worm  and  Worm  Gear  Furnished  with  Spreader  Have  Feed  Speed 

Practical  for  the  average  Farm 

The  Low  Corn  King  spreader  is  regularly  equipped  with  a  worm  and  worm  gear  that  distributes 
the  manure  on  the  ground  in  quantities  to  suit  the  demands  of  the  soil  of  the  average  farm, 
especially  where  the  crop  rotation  system  is  followed.  They  are  known  as  the  medium  speed  or 
medium  spread  worm  and  worm  gear. 

Two  Other  Worm  and  Worm  Gear  Sets 

There  are  two  more  sets  of  worms  and  worm  gears,  each  or  both  of  which  may  be  had  at  a 
slight  additional  cost.  These  two  are  a  slow  speed  or  a  light  spread  worm  and  worm  gear,  and  a 
fast  speed  or  heavy  spread  worm  and  worm  gear. 

The  light  spread  worm  and  worm  gear  are  used  ordinarily  for  light  tcp  dressing  on  alfalfa, 
young  corn,  and  such  other  crops,  and  for  spreading  lime  or  commercial  fertilizer. 

The  heavy  spread  worm  and  worm  gear  are  used  primarily  on  worn  out  soils  where  the 
manure,  after  being  spread,  is  to  be  disked  in  and  the  field  plowed  up.     Also,  this  set  is  used  by 

10 


:iE39E3i:i 


i:idso:i 


truck  gardeners  where  mulching  is  done  and  where  an  extra  heavy  spread  of  manure  is  to  be 
applied. 

Worms  and  Worm  Gears  are  of  Same  Diameter  and  Interchangeable 

A  great  advantage  with  the  Low  Cloverleaf  spreader  is  that  all  the  worms  and  worm  gears  are 
of  the  same  diameter  and  fit  into  the  same  worm  case.  In  changing  from  one  set  to  the  other,  no 
adjustments  are  necessary  —  simply  take  off  one  set  and  put  the  other  one  in  its  place. 

Different  Feed  Speeds  Obtained  by  Varying  Cog  Pitch 

The  various  feed  speeds  are  obtained  in  the  worms  and  worm  gears  by  making  the  cog  pitch 
different  for  each  set.  For  the  light  spread  the  cogs  are  small  and  close  together,  and  the  worm 
moves  one  cog  in  the  gear  every  revolution. 

On  the  medium  spread  worm  and  worm  gear,  the  cogs  are  heavier  and  a  little  farther  apart, 
but  the  worm  only  moves  one  cog  in  the  gear  at  a  revolution. 

On  the  heavy  spread  worm  and  worm  gear  set  the  cogs  are  much  heavier  and  the  worm  at 
the  end  is  arranged  like  a  double  auger  bit  and  moves  two  cogs  of  the  gear  at  every  revolution. 
By  this  construction  the  worms  and  worm  gears  are  kept  the  same  diameter  and  therefore  inter- 
changeable without  any  adjusting. 

With  these  three  sets  of  worms  and  worm  gears  and  the  multiple  feed  disk  with  its  three-feed 
speeds,  there  are  nine  feed  changes  to  be  had  with  the  Low  Cloverleaf  spreader,  providing  the 
extra  sets  of  worms  and  worm  gears  are  purchased.  These  varieties  of  spreads  cover  completely 
the  various  agricultural  requirements  for  spreading  manure  and  commercial  fertilizer. 


The  kind  of  corn  crops  that  follow  the  spreading  of  manure  on  meadows  or  pasture  land 

11 


::ie*>53i:: 


d:o§o:[ 


■aaaw 


i 

i 


Most  Machines  Handle  Crops — The  Low  (Tjoverleaf  Manure  Spreader  Produces  Crops 


Its  Narrow  Box  Makes  it  Exceptionally  Handy  for  Use  in  the  Stable  and  in 
Small  Yards.     Its  Wide  Spread  Saves  Much  Time  and  Travel  in  the  Field 

4       I 


The  steel  beater  with  its  steel,  chisel-pointed  teeth  is  revolved  rapid- 
ly and  is  heavy  enough  to  tear  all  kinds  of  manure  into  fine  shreds 


An  All-Steel  Beater 

Revolves  Rapidly — Thoroughly  Pulverizes  the  Manure 

When  examining  a  spreader,  be  sure  that  the  beater  is  right.  First,  it  must  be  heavy  enough 
to  handle  tough  manure  and  strong  enough  to  withstand  the  shock  of  impact  with  heavy  lumps 
and  clods.  Second,  it  must  have  power  enough  back  of  it  to  keep  it  revolving  rapidly  under  all 
conditions  and  to  pulverize  and  scatter  the  manure  as  rapidly  as  the  apron  delivers  it.  Third,  it 
must  be  in  the  right  relation  to  the  apron  ta  insure  free  action  and  to  minimize  draft. 

These  three  important  features  are  fully  covered  by  the  beater  on  the  Low  Cloverleaf  manure 
spreader.     Examine  it  carefully.     It  will  warrant  your  approval  at  once. 

The  beater  is  all  steel,  constructed  of  eight  steel  bars,  into  which  the  long,  square  steel,  chisel- 
pointed  teeth  are  riveted.  The  bars  are  bolted  to  the  heavy  malleable  beater  heads.  The  beater 
is  reinforced  in  the  center  by  a  steel  band  on  the  inside  and  bolted  to  each  bar.  While  the  bars 
themselves  are  deemed  sufficiently  heavy  for  striking  a  hard  lump  or  clod  of  manure,  the  steel  band 
in  the  center  makes  it  absolutely  certain  that  the  beater  can  tear  and  break  up  the  hard  lumps  or 
clods  without  injury  to  it. 

The  beater  is  in  a  right  relation  to  the  apron  for  effective  work.  It  is  placed  at  the  rear  of  the 
apron  with  the  points  of  the  teeth  on  the  lower  bars  extending  below  the  apron  or  the  bottom  of 
the  box.  By  extending  the  teeth  below  the  apron,  wedging  of  the  manure  under  the  beater  is 
prevented. 

When  the  beater  is  placed  above  the  apron,  as  is  a  common  practice  with  many  spreader  build- 
ers, the  manure  is  constantly  crowding  under  it  and  clear  in  against  the  beater  bars.  The  beater 
cannot  work  freely,  the  teeth  do  not  get  a  chance  to  tear  and  cut  the  manure,  and  the  draft  is  heavy. 

On  the  Low  Cloverleaf  the  position  of  the  beater,  together  with  the  effective  driving  power, 
enables  the  beater  to  revolve  very  rapidly,  thoroughly  pulverizing  the  manure  and  preventing  any 
chugging  or  jerking  on  the  driving  mechanism. 

14 


The  heavy  beater  sprocket  and  driving  chain  trans- 
mit power  directly  from  the  axle  to  the  beater 


The  Beater  Driving  Parts  Furnish  Abundant  Power 

The  strength  of  the  beat- 
er driving  parts  is  one  of  the 
principal  reasons  for  the  Low 
Cloverleaf  spreader  being  a 
winner.  There  is  no  question 
in  the  operator's  mind  about 
getting  his  load  off  when  he 
looks  at  the  beater  driving 
parts.  Their  strength  and 
simplicity  remove  all  doubt  at 
once. 

These  parts  consist  of  a 
large  sprocket  on  the  axle,  the 
gears  for  the  beater,  and  the 
heavy  chain.  The  gear  on 
the  end  of  the  beater  shaft 
and  the  beater  driving  gear 
are  reinforced  by  a  brace  ex- 
tending from  the  main  frame  to  the  end  of  the  stud  on  which  the  driving  gear  revolves.  This 
holds  the  gear  rigidly  in  position  and  prevents  its  springing  away  from  the  gear  on  the  end  of  the 
beater  shaft. 

The  large  sprocket  is  heavy,  with  over  two-thirds  of  the  teeth  meshing  into  the  chain.  The 
gear  operates  into  a  clutch  on  the  axle  which  is  provided  with  a  large  number  of  teeth,  and  a  roller- 
bearing  collar.  The  clutch  is  exceedingly  strong.  It  never  fails  to  act  and  the  action  is  quick. 
This  gear  and  clutch  transmit  power  to  the  beater,  so  that,  regardless  of  the  quality  or  quantity  of 
the  manure,  the  beater  is  kept  revolving. 

A  chain  tightener  is  provided  in  order  that  any  slackness  in  the  chain  may  be  quickly  taken 

up.  This  tightener  consists 
of  a  small,  double-flanged 
iron  pulley,  which  can  be 
moved  to  any  position  for 
taking  up  the  slack. 

The  smooth  working  of 
the  beater  driving  parts  is 
insured  by  protecting  them 
from  dirt  and  straws.  A 
wooden  shield  covers  these 
parts.  It  prevents  the  falling 
into  the  chain  and  gears  of 
any  straws  or  manure  which 
fall  over  the  top  of  the  box. 
The  shield  is  attached  to  the 
side   of  the   box  and  can   be 

The  beater  sprocket  clutch  has  ten  strong  teeth.    They  grip  quickly  easily  removed   if  desired. 

15 


Slatted  Roller  Effective  in  Crushing  Lumps 
and  Leveling  Load 


The  slatted  roller  retards  the  loose  top  of  the  load  and  keeps 

the  manure  feeding  to  the  beater  uniformly.     Large  lumps 

i!  ■■    crushed.    The  cut  shows  the  roller  in  its  regular  position 


It  works  equally  as  well   on  a   high  load  of   light 

manure.    Note  the  height  to  which  the  roller  rises 

16 


As  the  Low  Cloverleaf  is  a 
leader  in  the  manner  of  distribu- 
ting manure  on  to  the  ground, 
so  is  it  in  handling  the  manure 
in  the  load. 

A  slatted  roller,  which  rides 
on  top  of  the  load  and  is  revolved 
by  it,  serves  to  retard  the  loose 
top  of  the  load  and  crush  the 
large  lumps  without  materially  in- 
creasing the  draft  of  the  spreader. 

In  cleaning  up  a  yard,  or 
a  shed  where  stock  has  been 
kept  for  some  time,  large  lumps 
of  manure  are  thrown  into  the 
spreader.  Those  on  top  would 
be  carried  back  to  the  beater 
and  thrown  off  with  very  little 
breaking  up  were  it  not  for  the 
slatted  roller  which  crushes  them 
effectively. 

The  roller  is  located  above 
and  a  little  in  front  of  the  beater. 
By  its  action  the  delivery  of  the 
manure  is  uniform.  The  beater 
gets  the  same  chance  at  the 
entire  load,  insuring  well  pulver- 
ized manure  regardless  of  the 
condition  it  was  in  when  loaded. 

The  roller  also  serves  to 
level  off  a  load  built  high  in  the 
center.  The  Low  Cloverleaf 
spreader  is  quite  flexible  as  to 
the  size  of  the  loads  that  can  be 
put  on  to  it.  In  light  manure  it 
is  frequently  desired  to  pile  the 
load  up  in  order  to  get  a  larger 
quantity  at  one  hauling.  The 
roller  levels  it  down  so  that  the 
beater  can  act  on  every  particle 
of  manure  in  the  load  and  do  a 
first-class  job  of  spreading. 


Steel  Frame,  Strongly 

Trussed  and  Braced 

with  Steel 


Beater   is   Driven   Di- 
rectly  from   Axle   on 
Left  Hand  Side 


Apron   is   Driven  Di- 
rectly  from   Axle    on 
Right   Hand  Side 


2-inch  Solid  Steel  Axle 


Apron  Roller  Frames 

Extend  Entire  Length 

of  Main  Frame 


vice  —  and   keep   the   operating  parts  always  in  alignment 


17 


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i:icseo:i 


]:ics@sji:i: 


An  All-Steel  Frame  with  Angle  Steel  Main  Sills 


The  long  roller  bearings  on  the  axle  eliminate  excessive 
friction  due  to  the  weight  of  the  load.  They  operate  in 
clean  grease  furnished  by  means  of  hard  oil  grease  cups 


A  steel  frame  is  to  a  manure  spreader  what 
a  foundation  is  to  a  building.  All  the  weight,  all 
the  strain,  of  hauling  and  spreading  a  load  of 
manure  comes  onto  the  frame.  The  Low  Clover- 
leaf  frame  is  equal  to  the  task  imposed  upon  it. 
The  main  sills  are  of  angle  steel,  and  are  trussed 
and  braced  with  steel  bars.  The  frame  is  com- 
paratively light,  but  abundantly  strong  to  with- 
stand the  strain  of  any  load  of  manure  that  it  is 
possible  to  put  onto  a  spreader.  By  successfully 
sustaining  the  load  the  steel  frame  keeps  the 
various  operating  parts  of  the  spreader  in  cor- 
rect alignment,  enabling  every  part  to  work  to 
the  maximum  of  its  efficiency,  thereby  reducing 
friction  and  draft  to  a  minimum. 


Roller  Bearings  Used  on  the  Rear  Axle 

Self-aligning  roller  bearings  are  used  on  the  Low  Cloverleaf,  thereby  greatly  lessening  the  wear 
and  strain  on  the  spreader  and  making  the  draft  lighter.  These  roller  bearings  require  practically 
no  adjustment.  The  rollers  move  easily  within  the  boxes  and  are  held  in  place  by  washers.  They 
are  first  put  into  the  boxes,  then  the  washers  are  placed  over  the  ends  and  bent  over.  The  rollers 
are  thus  held  in  their  proper  place,  but  have  room  to  turn  freely  and  give  an  easy  motion  to  the 
axle.     There  is  no  unnecessary  friction. 

In  order  to  insure  that  the  rollers  always  operate  in  a  sufficient  quantity  of  grease,  the  boxes 
have  been  provided  with  hard  oil  grease  cups.  This  keeps  the  grease  clean,  and  the  roller  bearings 
always  have  a  sufficient  quantity  of  grease  on  them  to  prevent  heating,  and  keep  friction  at  a 
minimum. 


A  Solid  Steel  Rear  Axle 
Will  Hold,  the  Weight  of  the  Heaviest  Load  of  Manure 

The  rear  axle  is  the  real  burden  bearer  of  the  spreader.  A  large  percentage  of  the  weight  of 
the  load  is  on  it,  which  it  in  turn  transmits  to  the  steel  wheels. 

This  is  only  one  half  of  its  job,  however,  for  it  receives  its  tractive  power  from  the  wheels  and 
transmits  it  to  the  apron  and  beater-driving  mechanism.  It  is  truly  the  burden  bearer  of  the  Low 
Cloverleaf  spreader,  but  it  never  fails  to  perform  its  task. 

And  here  is  the  reason  why.  The  axle  is  made  of  high-grade  steel,  and  is  two  inches  in 
diameter.  The  driving  parts  with  one  exception  are  key  seated  to  the  axle.  The  key-seating 
method  not  only  adds  strength  to  the  axle,  but  holds  the  driving  parts  firmly  in  position  making  it 
possible  to  remove  them  easily  and  quickly  when  occasion  demands. 

18 


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i:o§o:c 


The  Narrow  Trucks  and  Fifth  Wheel  Prevent  Side 
Strain  and  Tongue  Lashing 

The  front  trucks  on  the  Low 
Cloverleaf  are  especially  adapt- 
able to  traveling  over  rough 
ground,  and  for  top  dressing 
young  crops,  such  as  corn  or 
other  crops  planted  in  rows. 
The  trucks  straddle  the  row, 
but  because  of  their  narrow 
tread,  very  little  side  jerking 
occurs.  This  practically  elimin- 
ates all  tongue  lashing.  You 
have  seen  horses  with  their 
front  legs  and  shoulders  bruis- 
ed and  cut  by  being  struck  by 
the  front  end  of  the  tongue 
when  they  have  been  used  on 
wide,  front  truck  spreaders. 
The  Low  Cloverleaf  saves  your 
horses  this  pounding. 

Then,  too,  the  Low  Clover- 
leaf front  trucks  relieve  the 
spreader  from  severe  side  strain, 
due  to  the  front  wheels  dropping  into  ruts  or  passing  over  obstructions. 

The  fifth  wheel  plays  an  important  part  in  preventing  side  strain.  It  is  composed  of  two  steel 
plates,  the  lower  plate  having  the  axle  brackets  on  its  under  side.  These  brackets  permit  the  axle  to 
move  up  and  down  with  the  wheels  as  they  conform  to  the  surface  irregularities  on  one  side  or  the 
other.  Thus  the  even  balance  of  the  box  and  load  is  not  affected.  The  frame  is  relieved  of  side 
strain  which  insures  longer  life  and  better  service  from  the  Low  Cloverleaf  spreader. 


By  means  of  the  "U"  shaped  tongue  connection  with  the  long 
king  bolt,  the   pull  of  the  load   is  straight  from  the  steel  frame 


The  Pull  of  the  Load  is  Straight  from  the  Frame 

The  front  truck  on  the  Low  Cloverleaf  is  exceptionally  strong  and  is  steel  throughout.  It  is  con- 
nected to  the  main  frame  by  a  heavy  channel  steel  bar,  and  by  a  three-inch  flat  bar,  V-shaped,  which 
is  really  an  extension  of  the  frame  itself.  By  means  of  a  U-shaped  malleable  casting  the  tongue  pulls 
mainly  on  the  front  channel  bar,  part  of  the  draft,  however,  being  transferred  to  the  long  king  bolt, 
and  so  to  the  axle  of  the  trucks.  In  this  way  the  trucks  simply  carry  their  share  of  the  load,  but  the 
pull  is  straight  from  the  frame  and  load.  This  not  only  does  not  worry  the  horses,  but  naturally 
lightens  the  draft  because  there  is  no  tendency  to  lift  the  load  such  as  there  is  when  the  tongue  is 
attached  to  the  axle  and  all  the  pull  is  from  the  axle. 

19 


KIEiGOX 


i:oeo:i 


]:o§o:i 


All  Steel  Wheels  are  Used  on  the  Low  Cloverleaf 

The  rear  wheels  are  the  source  of  tractive  power.  The  job  which  they  have  to  perform  is  no 
small  one.  They  must  carry  the  load,  and  at  the  same  time  provide  the  power  to  move  the  manure 
back  gradually  to  the  beater  and  keep  the  beater  revolving  against  the  manure. 

A  glance  at  the  Low  Cloverleaf  spreader  wheels  will  convince  the  most  skeptical  that  they  are 
well  able  to  perform  their  task. 

The  rims  of  the  rear  wheels  are  5  -/+  inches  wide,  are  inwardly  flanged,  which  make  them 
especially  adapted  for  use  on  sod  and  soft  ground  and  for  top  dressing  cultivated  fields. 

The  spokes  of  both  the  rear  and  front  wheels  are  large  and  oval,  and  are  cast  into  the  hubs. 
They  are  upset  in  the  rims  to  prevent  them  from  buckling.  They  are  full  size  where  they  pass 
through  the  rim  and  are  then  riveted  solidly  on  the  outside  of  the  rims.  This  construction  makes 
a  wheel  that  is  practically  indestructible. 

The  rear  wheels  are  provided  with  Z-shaped  lugs,  by  which  the  wheels  secure  a  firm  grip 
when  traveling  on  slippery  ground,  and  do  not  cause  unnecessary  jarring  when  moving  over  rough 
ground.  The  great  advantage  of  the  Z-shaped  lug  is  that  one  lug  receives  the  weight  of  the  load 
before  the  preceding  lug  releases  it. 

The  rims  of  the  front  wheels  are  AyA  inches  wide.  The  front  wheels  also  are  entirely  of  steel, 
being  made  the  same  as  the  rear  wheels.     The  tread  of  the  front  wheels  is  only  281-'  inches. 

The  Differentials  on  the  Rear  Wheels  Keep  the  Spreader 

Operating  on  the  Turns 

The  differentials  used  on  the  rear  wheels  on  the  Low  Cloverleaf  are  similar  to  the  differentials 

used  on  the  hub  of  a  mower  wheel.  They  allow 
one  wheel  to  hold  the  pivot  while  making  a  turn 
without  the  motion  of  the  beater  or  the  movement 
of  the  apron  being  stopped.  As  a  result,  the  Low 
Cloverleaf  distributes  the  manure  evenly  on  all  the 
turns,  just  as  evenly  when  turning  one  way  as  when 
turning  the  other. 

The  differentials  also  by  keeping  the  machine 
in  operation  prevent  lodging  of  the  manure  against 
the  beater,  and  thus  overcomes  the  tendency  of 
clogging  the  beater  on  the  turns  and  of  throwing 
an  extra  heavy  strain  on  the  operating  mechanism 
when  the  turn  is  completed. 

On  the  Low  Cloverleaf  the  differentials  take 
up  very  little  room.  They  are  on  the  outside  of 
the  wheel  hubs  where  they  do  not  interfere  with 
any  other  mechanism.  Then  they  are  made  of 
malleable  iron  and  are  therefore  very  strong,  but 
small  and  compact.  They  fit  right  in  close  over 
the  hubs,  having  sprockets  or  prongs  which  set  in 
between  the  spoke  flanges  on  the  hubs. 
20 


The  steel  wheels  insure  a  length  of  service  from 
the  spreader  that  no  other   wheels  will   give 


The  No.  5  Low  Cloverleaf  spreader  is  adapted  to  small  and  medium  sized  farms 

Abundant  Tractive  Power  is  Furnished  by  the  Rear  Axle 

and  the  Heavy  Rear  Wheels 

All  spreaders  will  work  under  fair  conditions,  at  least  for  a  time.  The  spreader  that  you  want 
is  one  that  will  work  under  adverse  conditions,  because  the  average  farmer  is  not  always  able  to 
choose  the  conditions  under  which  the  manure  will  be  hauled.  Frequently  the  weather  is  bad 
and  the  soil  soft.  If  the  tractive  power  of  the  spreader  is  not  sufficient  to  throw  off  the  load 
under  such  conditions,  if  the  wheels  slide  in  the  soft  soil,  you  are  up  against  it  good  and  hard. 

The  Low  Cloverleaf  is  built  to  overcome  such  a  difficulty,  and  does  it.  The  rear  axle  is  placed 
well  forward  under  the  spreader  and  carries  a  sufficient  percentage  of  the  weight  of  the  load  so  that 
the  axle  and  wheels  combined  insure  abundant  tractive  power  for  practically  all  spreading  conditions. 

The  spreader  must  not  only  carry  the  load  of  manure  which  will  average  about  a  ton,  often 
much  more,  but  at  the  same  time  it  must  move  the  load  slowly  back  to  the  beater  and  run  the  beater 
fast  enough  and  steadily  enough  to  tear  the  manure  to  shreds.  With  this  understanding  it  is  plain 
to  see  why  so  much  power  must  be  built  into  the  rear  axle,  the  rear  wheels,  and  the  apron  and 
beater-driving  parts.  Ask  the  owner  of  a  Low  Cloverleaf  how  his  spreader  acts  on  soft  ground. 
His  answer  will  convince  you  that  the  spreader  you  want  is  the  Low  Cloverleaf. 

Low  Cloverleaf  Manure  Spreader  in  Two  Sizes 

In  order  that  the  Low  Cloverleaf  may  be  adapted  to  the  entire  range  of  farming  activities,  it  is 
manufactured  in  two  sizes,  the  No.  5  and  the  No.  6. 

The  No.  5,  which  is  the  smaller  spreader,  has  box  dimensions  as  follows:  Depth  15  inches 
width  45  inches,  length  104  inches. 

The  No.  6  is  of  the  same  depth  and  width  as  the  No.  5,  but  the  length  of  the  box  is  1  24  inches. 

The  narrow  tread  and  box  is  retained  in  both  sizes.  This  makes  the  Low  Cloverleaf  spreader 
exceptionally  convenient  to  handle  and  operate.  The  idea  of  making  them  narrow  is  that  they  may 
be  driven  through  narrow  gates,  or  into  stables  to  be  loaded  directly  from  the  stable.  They  are  also 
convenient  for  driving  into  small  yards  and  getting  into  corners.  When  in  the  field  the  load  is  held 
compact,  making  for  light  draft. 

Remember  in  both  sizes  of  the  Low  Cloverleaf  that  while  the  box  is  only  45  inches  wide,  the 
spread  of  the  manure  is  1  0  feet. 

21 


A  Gold  Mine  in  the  Barnyard 

If  we  could  persuade  the  boys  on  the  farm  that  there  is  a  gold  mine  in  the  barnyard,  we  would 
have  no  trouble  to  get  them  to  haul  out  the  manure,  clean  up  the  yard,  and  make  everything  spick 
and  span.  Now  the  fact  is  that  there  is  a  gold  mine  in  every  barnyard ;  or,  if  we  prefer  to  call  it  so, 
a  silver  mine      in  any  case,  a  mine  of  real  worth.     We  are  going  to  prove  it  to  you. 

A  cow  —  and  for  the  purpose  of  this  article  we  call  1,000  pounds  of  animal  a  cow  —  voids  five 
tons  of  manure  during  the  six  months  of  winter,  providing  she  is  properly  fed  with  what  she  wants 
to  eat.  The  value  of  the  manure  depends  upon  the  nature  of  the  feed  she  consumes.  Manure  made 
from  oat  straw  would  not  be  worth  a  great  deal  except  for  its  value  in  improving  the  physical 
condition  of  the  soil  to  which  it  is  applied.  Manure  made  from  wheat  straw  would  be  worth  less. 
Manure  made  from  hay  would  be  worth  less  than  that  made  from  a  mixture 
Manure  worth  of  hay  and  grain.     But  averaging  it  all  up,   a  ton  of  manure  is  worth  about 

$2.50  per  ton  $2.50  on  the  basis  of  the   commercial  fertilizers  that  would   have  to  be  sup- 

plied to  take  its  place. 
There  is  no  question  about  this  figure.     Experiment  stations  have  tested  it  out  over  and  over 
again.     And  this  is  the  result.     If  grains  advance  in  price,  then  manure  advances  in  value.     If  they 
fall  in  price,  then  the  average  value  of  the  manure  falls  in  the  same  proportion,  but  at  average  prices 
each  ton  of  manure  made  on  the  farm  is  worth  at  least  $2.50. 

A  very  large  per  cent  of  the  value  of  manure  is  in  the  liquid  portions,  and  on  the  average  farm 
this  is  largely  wasted.  It  is  not  necessarily  so.  The  farmer  has  plenty  of  straw  and  other  waste  that 
could  be  used  as  absorbents  and  take  up  the  greater  portion  of  the  liquids 
and  thus  get  their  full  value,  or  nearly  so.  The  time  will  come,  and  has 
already  for  a  large  number  of  farmers,  when  we  will  have  in  our  stables  con- 
crete gutters  leading  into  cisterns  into  which  this  liquid  portion  will  run,  and 
will  be  pumped  out  on  the  manure  heaps  or  sprinkled  on  to  the  soil,  and 
thus  saved. 


Liquid  manure 
of  great  value. 
Largely  wasted 


The  No.  6  Low  Cloverleaf  will  haul  the  manure  on  a  large  farm  with  a  gain  in  time  and  labor  for  the  owner 


22 


:ie^sdi:c 


i:o@o:i 


]:o@o:r. 


Manure  does 
most  good  on 
meadow  or 
pasture  land 


Even  outside  of  this  liquid  manure,  we  do  not  get  more  than  half  the  value  of  the  manure  on 
the  average  farm.  Probably  it  is  not  possible  to  get  all  the  value  out  of  it,  but  we  make  some 
suggestions.  There  is  no  need  of  any  loss  in  the  value  of  manure  or  waste  of  any  animals  kept  in 
the  stables,  and  especially  with  those  farmers  who  own  manure  spreaders.  When  he  cleans  out 
his  stable,  he  could  just  as  well  throw  the  load  into  the  spreader  as  out  into  the  open  yard,  and 
when  he  has  a  load  he  can  hitch  up  and  take  it  out  to  the  field  and  spread  it.  The  question  arises 
—  what  field?  Your  pasture  or  meadow,  of  course.  This  applies  to  the  manure  of  horses  as  well 
as  of  cows,  and  there  is  no  reason  why,  except  in  the  most  severe  weather,  the  daily  yield  of  manure 
should  not  be  put  out  on  the  meadow  or  pasture  within  twenty-four  hours.  Under  these  conditions 
if  the  liquid  portions  have  been  largely  absorbed,  the  waste  is  practically  nothing. 

Someone  will  say  why  not  apply  it  to  green  crops,  why  not  wait  and  apply 
it  to  corn — simply  because  the  very  best  place  on  which  you  can  put  manure 
is  on  pasture  or  meadow  land.  We  are  told  by  a  good  many  agricultural 
papers  and  teachers  that  this  is  all  right  for  flat  land,  but  on  hilly  land  there 
will  be  an  enormous  waste.  This  does  not  hold  true.  Of  course,  rains  will 
come  and  wash  out  some  of  the  soluble  portions,  but  if  you  watch  closely 
you  will  see  from  the  discoloration  that  very  little  of  it  gets  off  the  farm. 
The  waste  from  washing  on  rolling  land  is  only  a  mere  fraction  of  the  waste  that  comes  from 
lying  in  a  pile  in  the  yard. 

When  you  see  the  manure  pile  smoking,  you  may  know  that  you  are  losing  the  value  out  of  the 
manure.  When  you  smell  ammonia  in  the  stable,  you  know  there  is  waste  going  on — waste  which 
can  very  easily  be  checked  by  using  gypsum,  which  is  cheap  and  can  be  kept  handy.  The  worst 
thing  you  can  do  with  manure  is  to  throw  it  out  through  the  stable  door  under  the  eaves  and  let 
the  rains  wash  out  everything  except  the  coarsest  poorest  materials. 

The  loss  of  manure  depends  to  a  considerable  extent  on  the  way  you  feed 
your  live  stock  We  have  known  men  to  build  hay  sheds  in  which  to  store 
their  hay,  and  then  put  sheds  around  them,  feeding  their  cattle  in  these 
sheds,  and  letting  them  tramp  the  manure  into  a  solid  mass.  This  could 
stand  until  summer  with  very  little  waste.  But  the  only  thing  to  do  with  the 
open  shed  is  to  haul  out  the  manure  every  day  if  you  can,  or  as  fast  as  you 
can,  and  under  no  circumstances  allow  it  to  remain  from  spring  to  fall.  This 
means  inevitable  waste. 
Let  us  figure  the  value  of  manure  from  twenty  cows.  We  state  at  the  beginning  of  this  article 
that  the  average  cow  of  1,000  pounds  weight  voids  five  tons  of  manure  in  the  six  months  of  winter. 
This  makes  a  total  from  twenty  cows  of  1  00  tons  of  manure.  We  also  stated  that  the  value  of  this 
manure  per  ton  is  $2.50,  so  during  the  six  months  of  winter,  we  have  obtained  manure  to  the  value 
of  $250.  Now  this  applied  to  the  land  daily,  or  as  the  weather  permits,  or  before  any  heating  or 
leaching  has  occurred,  will  mean  several  times  $250  in  crop  returns. 

The  time  is  coming  when  we  may  have  to  feed  cattle  for  the  manure.  A  good  many  farmers 
do  that  now.  When  it  comes  to  that,  we  shall  see  the  absolute  necessity  for  taking  care  of  this  by- 
product, which  is  about  the  only  real  profit  many  farmers  have  in  feeding  cattle. 

Adapted  from  Wallace's  Farmer. 


Use  gypsum  on 
the  manure  piles. 
It  prevents 
fermentation 
and  heating 


23 


■'•■  .  / . 

__-  .J.    I.  ' 

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BOSTON.  MASS 
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HARVESTER    PRE99 


